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| 1709 |
| | Alexander Selkirk, the inspiration for Robinson Crusoe, is discovered on a Pacific island where he has survived alone for nearly five years | |
| | Fleet marriage of original Robinson Crusoe, c.1718 National Archives, Kew
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| 1722 |
| | Easter Island is reached by the Dutch, beginning a spate of European discovery in the islands of the Pacific | |
| | Hodges Monuments on Easter Island (detail) National Maritime Museum
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| 1768 |
| | Captain James Cook sails from Plymouth, in England, heading for Tahiti to observe the transit of Venus | |
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| 1769 |
| | Captain Cook observes in Tahiti the transit of Venus, the primary purpose of his voyage to the Pacific | |
| | Hodges Tahiti Revisited (detail) National Maritime Museum
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| 1769 |
| | Captain Cook reaches New Zealand and sets off to chart its entire coastline | |
| | Hodges Dusky Bay, New Zealand (detail) National Maritime Museum
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| 1770 |
| | Captain Cook reaches the mainland of Australia, at a place which he names Botany Bay, and continues up the eastern coast | |
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| 1772 |
| | Captain Cook sets off, in HMS Resolution, on his second voyage to the southern hemisphere | |
| | Mourner's costume from Tahiti Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford
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| 1779 |
| | British explorer Captain James Cook is killed in a skirmish with natives in Hawaii over a stolen boat | |
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| 1779 |
| | Joseph Banks tells a committee of the House of Commons that the east coast of Australia is suitable for the transportation of convicted felons | |
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| 1787 |
| | The First Fleet (eleven ships carrying about 750 convicts) leaves Portsmouth for Australia | |
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